Every piece of hardware you purchase, from your computer and smartphone to your tablet and smart television, possesses unique hardware IDs (like MAC addresses and advertising IDs). Brokers sell the behavioral profiles tied to these devices, completely bypassing the need for your legal name.
No. While Virtual Private Networks (VPNs) are excellent tools for encrypting internet traffic and masking your IP address, they do not prevent your data from being aggregated and sold.
A VPN hides your immediate browsing activity from your internet service provider, but the device you are using still generates highly valuable, monetizable data.
Do VPNs stop data brokers from selling my information?
Who owns the data generated by personal devices?
Historically, tech companies and data brokers have operated under the assumption that they own the rights to the behavioral data generated on their platforms.
However, the logic is shifting: the consumer purchases the hardware, pays for the internet connection, and generates the interactions. Therefore, the consumer is the primary creator of that digital commodity.




